(5) Science concepts. The student knows the nature of forces in the physical world. The student is expected to:

(A) research and describe the historical development of the concepts of gravitational, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear forces;

(B) describe and calculate how the magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between their centers;

(C) describe and calculate how the magnitude of the electrical force between two objects depends on their charges and the distance between them;

(D) identify examples of electric and magnetic forces in everyday life;

(E) characterize materials as conductors or insulators based on their electrical properties;

(F) design, construct, and calculate in terms of current through, potential difference across, resistance of, and power used by electric circuit elements connected in both series and parallel combinations;

(G) investigate and describe the relationship between electric and magnetic fields in applications such as generators, motors, and transformers; and

(H) describe evidence for and effects of the strong and weak nuclear forces in nature.